Centrifugal Pumps for Slurry
Slurry is one of the most challenging fluids to move. It's highly abrasive, thick, sometimes corrosive, and contains a high concentration of solids. No doubt about it, slurry is tough on pumps. But selecting the right centrifugal pump for these abrasive applications can make all the difference in the long-term performance.
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WHAT IS A "SLURRY"?
Slurry is any mixture of fluid and fine solid particles. Examples of slurries would include: manure, cement, starch, or coal suspended in water. Slurries are used as a convenient way to handle solids in mining, steel processing, foundries, power generation, and most recently, the Frac Sand mining industry.
Slurries generally behave the same way as thick, viscous fluids, flowing under gravity, but also pumped as needed. Slurries are divided into two general categories: non-settling or settling.
Non-settling slurries consist of very fine particles, which give the illusion of increased apparent viscosity. These slurries usually have low wearing properties, but do require very careful consideration when selecting the right pump because they do not behave in the same manner as a normal liquid does.
Settling slurries are formed by coarse particles that tend to form an unstable mixture. Particular attention should be given to flow and power calculations when selecting a pump. The majority of slurry applications are made up of coarse particles and because of this, have higher wear properties.
Below are common characteristics of slurries:
- Abrasive
- Thick consistency
- Can contain a high amount of solids
- Usually settle quickly
- Require more power to operate than a “water” pump
SLURRY PUMP SELECTION
Many types of pumps are used for pumping slurries, but the most common slurry pump is the centrifugal pump. The centrifugal slurry pump uses the centrifugal force generated by a rotating impeller to impact kinetic energy to the slurry, similar to how a water-like liquid would move through a standard centrifugal pump.
Slurry applications greatly reduce the expected wear life of pumping components. It’s critical that pumps designed for these heavy-duty applications are selected from the start. Consider the following when making selections:
BASIC PUMP COMPONENTS
To ensure the pump will hold up against abrasive wear, the impeller size/design, material of construction, and discharge configurations must be properly selected.
Open impellers are the most common on slurry pumps because they’re the least likely to clog. Closed impellers on the other hand are the most likely to clog and the most difficult to clean if they clog.
Slurry impellers are large and thick. This helps them operate longer in harsh slurry mixtures.
SLURRY PUMP CONSTRUCTION
Slurry pumps are generally larger in size when compared to low-viscosity liquid pumps and usually require more horsepower to operate because they're less efficient. Bearings and shafts must be more rugged and rigid as well.
To protect the pump’s casing from abrasion, slurry pumps are oftentimes lined with metal or rubber. Goulds Pumps, for example, lines their XHD (Extra Heavy Duty) slurry pump with rubber.
Additional resources:
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How to Choose Longhe Attachment OEM?For more information, please visit ahr slurry pump company.
Metal casings are composed of hard alloys. These casings are built to withstand the erosion caused by increased pressure and circulation.
The casings are selected to suit the needs of the application. For instance, pumps used in cement production handle fine particles at low pressures. Therefore, a light construction casing is acceptable. If the pump is handling rocks, the pump casing and impeller will need a thicker and stronger casing.
SLURRY PUMPING CONSIDERATIONS
Those with experience pumping slurries know it's not an easy task. Slurries are heavy and difficult to pump. They cause excessive wear on pumps, their components, and are known to clog suction and discharge lines if not moving fast enough.
It’s a challenge to make slurry centrifugal pumps last for a reasonable amount of time. But, there are a few things you can do to extend the life of your slurry pump and make pumping slurry less of a challenge.
- Find the sweet spot that allows the pump to run as slow as possible (to reduce wear), but fast enough to keep solids from settling and clogging the lines
- To reduce wear, lower the pump’s discharge pressure to the lowest point possible
- Follow proper piping principles to ensure a constant and uniform delivery of the slurry to the pump
Pumping slurries poses several challenges and problems, but with proper engineering and equipment selection, you can experience many years of worry-free operation. It's important to work with a qualified engineer when selecting a slurry pump because slurries can wreak havoc on a pump if not properly selected.
Check out the Must-Have Handbook for Centrifugal Pumps for more information on centrifugal pumps, including details about pumps specifically designed for slurry applications!
Expert Centrifugal Pump Insights from Crane Engineering
Engineers and experts rely on Crane Engineering for insight and help with centrifugal pumps to pump slurry. Our in-house team of engineers can answer questions related to not only pumps but valves and skid systems. We provide a complete service and repair team who will fix pumps back to OEM standards. We are ready to assist you, contact us, today if you're in Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, North Dakota, South Dakota, and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Crane Engineering also builds and designs customized skid systems nationwide.
Let us know how we can help you, request a quote today!
Selecting the right Slurry Pump
Many pumps can be found on the market, but most are specifically designed to serve a particular purpose. Pumps designed to move thin fluids differ from pumps designed for heavy, thick-laden, abrasive, or abrasive materials. Because of the differences in the design of various pumps, you must choose the right pump for the application. For example, if you need to move much liquid quickly, you will want to select a pump with a high flow rate. However, if you are forcing a liquid with many solids, you want to use a pump. Pumps come in many different varieties, each designed for a specific purpose. For example, if you are trying to move water with much sand, you would want to use a centrifugal pump.
The slurry pump moves thick materials such as slurries and gravel. As the name suggests, a slurry is an amalgamation of two or more materials, such as water and crushed rock. Slurry pumps can move thick materials from their source to the pump and downstream to the destination. This is done using a high-pressure water stream to push the slurry through a pipe. The slurry is then forced through a series of valves and into the pump.
Because of their nature, slurry pumps can pump high-viscous and solid-laden liquids without clogging. Slurry pumps are distinguished by their ability not to choke. They can be used in extreme environments, such as mining and oil and gas extraction, and are also helpful in other sectors, including dredging and oil and gas. Dredging removes sediment and debris from the bottom of bodies of water and is often used to maintain shipping channels.
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