Why is lamellars Better?

Lamellar armour is a type of body armour made from small rectangular plates (scales or lamellae) of iron, steel, leather (rawhide), bone, or bronze laced into horizontal rows. Lamellar armour was used over a wide range of time periods in Central Asia, Eastern Asia (especially in China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, and Tibet), Western Asia, and Eastern Europe. The earliest evidence for lamellar armour comes from sculpted artwork of the Neo-Assyrian Empire (911'609 BC) in the Near East.[citation needed]

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Lamellar armour should not be confused with laminar armour, a related form of plate armour which is made from horizontal overlapping rows or bands of solid armour plates (called lames) rather than scales. By comparison, lamellar armour is made from individual armour scales which are laced together to form a strip of armour which appears to be solid but is not.

Description

Lamellar armour consists of small platelets known as "lamellae" or "lames", which are punched and laced together, typically in horizontal rows. Lamellae can be made of metal, leather cuir bouilli, horn, stone, bone or more exotic substances. Metal lamellae may be lacquered to resist corrosion or for decoration. Unlike scale armour, which it resembles, lamellar armour is not attached to a cloth or leather backing (although it is typically worn over a padded undergarment).[citation needed]

In Asia, lamellar armor eventually overtook scale armour in popularity as lamellar restricted the user's movements much less than scale armour.[1]

Use and history

The earliest evidence points to the early-Iron Age Assyrians as the people responsible for the early development and spread of this form of armour, during the Neo-Assyrian Empire. In the numerous battle scenes depicted in the reliefs from Niniveh and Nimrud, commemorating the victories of Ashurnasirpal and Ashurbanipal from the 8th and 7th centuries BC, hundreds of Assyrian soldiers, both infantry and cavalry, are represented wearing cuirasses constructed of lamellae. These cuirasses reach from shoulder to waist, and in many instances they have short, close sleeves. If we accept the representations as correct and translate the method of construction literally, then we are confronted with a type of lamellar armour quite different from later specimens.[2]

Lamellar armour was often worn by itself or as an augmentation to other armour, such as over a mail hauberk. The lamellar cuirass was especially popular with the Rus, as well as Mongols, Turks, Avars, other steppe peoples, as well as migratory groups such as the Langobards as it was simple to create and maintain. Lamellar helmets were also employed by Migration Era and Early Medieval peoples.[citation needed]

Lamellar armour has been found in Egypt in a 17th-century BC context.[3] Sumerian and Ancient Egyptian bas-reliefs depicting soldiers have been argued as portraying the earliest examples of lamellar armour, particularly on chariot drivers, but it is not until the time of the Assyrians (circa 900'600 BC) that possible examples of lamellar appear in the archaeological record. Among finds of Assyrian armour (often individual or unconnected scales), there are examples that can clearly be classified as scale armour as well as others that appear to be lamellar, and there exist a large number of finds whose function has proven difficult to determine.[citation needed]

The extent to which either type was used is a debated topic. Lamellar was used by various cultures from this time up through the 19th century. Lamellar armour is often associated with the samurai class of feudal Japan, but was commonly used in ancient and medieval China, Korea, and Mongolia. Lamellar was also used in the Russian Far East, the tribes of Siberia and the Sarmatians. Evidence of lamellar armour has also been found in various European countries.

Chinese lamellar armour

In ancient China, lamellar armour appeared by the 5th century BC. It consisted of individual armour pieces (lamellae, lamella singular) that were either riveted or laced together to form a suit of armour. Iron helmets constructed with multiple lamellae began to replace the one piece bronze helmets of old. One sample discovered in Yi county, Hebei Province was composed of 89 lamellae, averaging 5 cm × 4 cm (2.0 in × 1.6 in). For example, the Terracotta Army of the Qin dynasty is portrayed as wearing six (6) or seven (7) different categories of lamellar armor corresponding to rank and military division. Many different types of lamellar armor have also been uncovered through excavations of Han dynasty archeological sites. Lamellar was used from the ancient period through the medieval period, and was used all the way up to the Qing dynasty.[citation needed]

• One variant of Han dynasty lamellar armour
• Another variant of Han dynasty lamellar armour
• Modern copy of one variant of lamellar armor, called "sleeved armor" (lit. tǒngxiùkǎi", '''), dating to Western Han dynasty era
• Lamellar armored Han dynasty soldiers with armored hoods
• Song dynasty soldiers with lamellar armour
• Qin dynasty stone representations of lamellar armor
• Qin dynasty charioteer with lamellar armour, including armored sleeves

Byzantine lamellar armour

Lamellar is pictured in many historical sources on Byzantine warriors, especially heavy cavalry. Recent studies by Timothy Dawson of the University of New England, Australia, suggest that Byzantine lamellar armour was significantly superior to mail armour.[8]

• Modern reconstruction of an Eastern Roman klivanion (κλιβάνιον), suggested as a predecessor of Ottoman mirror armour
• Byzantine painting depicting Byzantine forms of lamellar armor

Japanese lamellar armour

Lamellar armour reached Japan around the 5th century, predating the rise of the samurai caste. Early Japanese lamellar armour, called keiko, took the form of a sleeveless jacket and a helmet. The middle of the Heian period was when lamellar armour started to take the shape that would be associated with samurai armour. By the late Heian period Japanese lamellar armour developed into full-fledged samurai armour called Ō-yoroi. Japanese lamellar armour was made from hundreds or even thousands of individual leather (rawhide) or iron scales or lamellae known as kozane, that were lacquered and laced together into armour strips. This was a very time-consuming process.[11] The two most common types of scales which made up the Japanese lamellar armour were hon kozane, which were constructed from narrow or small scales/lamellae, and hon iyozane, which were constructed from wider scales/lamellae.

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• Close up view of Japanese lamellar armour, constructed with small individual scales/lamellae known as kozane
• Japanese lamellar cuirass

See also

• Mail and plate armour, an armour combining mail and lamellar-style metal plates in its construction
• Laminar armour, an early form of plate armour made from horizontal overlapping rows or bands of solid armour plates called lames

References

Sources

• Robinson, H. Russell (). Oriental Armour. Courier Dover. ISBN 978-0-486--6.

Over the past few years, we've all learned to take another look at the products we use on our skin and hair. After all, who'd have ever thought that micellar water would become a daily use product? Well, get ready to try another type of water that will transform the look and texture of your hair.

What is Lamellar Water Anyway? Like the name says, lamellar water is a completely water-soluble hair treatment. Unlike some heavier masks or treatments, lamellar water is a technology that is so lightweight that it can penetrate quickly and effectively. Also worth noting, lamellar water is both a hair treatment and a quick hair rinse that helps you achieve shiny, glossy hair'in about 10 seconds or less!

Pro tip: If your hair looks a bit parched from too much heat or bleach, lamellar water can offer an almost instantly visible fix.

How does Lamellar Water Work? Like many Korean Beauty innovations, lamellar water uses a lighter formulation that's infused with repairing ingredients. We particularly love the fact that lamellar hair treatment can be used frequently without any buildup.

Depending on how often you wash your hair, we'd advise using the Smooth Moves' Instant Shine Lamellar Water Hair Rinse 1-2 times per week. In case you're wondering, lamellar water is not a replacement for conditioner, but more of an add-on for extra shine or the much-desired glass hair look.

How do I use Lamellar Water? We'll answer our own question with another question: Would you rather spend a fortune on a blowout and hours in the salon chair in pursuit of shiny, glossy hair or use lamellar water for results that are visible after even the first application?

We thought so.

Like all products in the Smooth Moves' collection, Smooth Moves' 7 Second Magic Hair Rinse is cruelty free and vegan. It's also sulfate surfactant free, paraben free, and safe for color treated hair. Best of all, it's incredibly easy to use. 

• Lamellar water goes on after you shampoo. After washing your hair, gently squeeze your hair with your hands or a microfiber towel to remove any excess water.
• Divide your hair into sections (or not!). Depending on your hair type, you can divide your hair into sections. Tilt your head back and use the applicator bottle to slowly squeeze out 1-2 doses ' the markings on the side of the bottle will let you know how much is in 1 dose.  Then use your hands to gently work the product from roots to ends into a light lather.  You don't have to apply in sections, but with thicker hair you'll have greater control.
• Let the lamellar water do its thing. As soon as you start to apply the lamellar water to your hair, it goes to work on improving the appearance of hair.
• It might feel slightly warm. You may feel a slight warming sensation when the product activates upon contact with water. This is totally normal!
• Rinse carefully. Sometimes the secret to amazing hair is remembering to rinse out the products you use. While lamellar water feels lightweight, it's not a leave-in product. Make sure to rinse out thoroughly for maximum shine.

How is Lamellar Water Different than a Conditioner? This is a question we're asked a lot, so we'll break it down for you.

Smooth Moves' 7 Second Magic Hair Rinse is an extremely lightweight product we like to think of as more of a treatment product. So, for instance, you might use a serum on your face in addition to a moisturizer. You don't need to use lamellar water every time you wash, but rather when your hair needs a bit of a boost.  You would use this immediately after shampooing and before conditioning.

Smooth Moves' Anti Frizz Conditioner uses a vegan protein blend that replaces animal derived keratin to aid in frizz control and improve hair manageability. We also include luxe ingredients including macadamia oil to add ample softness and hyaluronic acid to help keep hair hydrated and more elastic. A conditioner after shampooing works to soften and protect hair while also tackling frizz. It acts almost as a reinforcement for all the positive ingredients of your shampoo and at times can seal in the more beneficial effects. Conditioners are generally left in for a bit longer than lamellar water as well.

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