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How does a bellow seal valve work?

Author: May

Oct. 07, 2024

44 0

Bellows Seal Valve - Conval, Inc.

Bellows seal valves are valves employed in piping systems to safeguard against leakage. When selected and installed properly, they minimize the risk of potentially harmful chemicals causing injury or illness to workers and damage to the surrounding environment.

Link to Afbv Valve

Standard Bellows Seal Sizes

Sizes through 4&#;

Pressure Rating

Through ASME Class through #

Standard Forging ASME Materials

SA 105, SA 182-F22, SA 182-F91, SA 182-F92, SA 182-F316
Other materials available upon request.

Accessories

Actuators &#; Electric, Pneumatic or Hydraulic
Locking Devices &#; Open, Closed or Both
Limit Switches &#; Single or Dual
Stem Shroud
Position Indicator
Leak-Off Port

Bellows Seal Design Features

Conval Bellows Seal Valve vs. Packed Valves

Packed valves require two seal boundaries: a 360° seal on the stem surface and a 360° seal on the stuffing box wall. The Conval bellows seal valve removes these two leak paths. Conval bellows seal valves are used when packed valves may not reliably contain light gases or hazardous system fluids. In all applications, the 6-ply Inconel®, welded bellows stem seal is more reliable than sliding stem seals.

Zero Fugitive Emissions

Every Conval bellows assembly is tested for zero leakage using a helium gas mass spectrometer before undergoing further shell and seat leakage testing. Conval&#;s bellows seal emits no detectable leakage, well beyond Method 21 Fugitive Emissions Test Protocol.

No Torsion of the Bellows

A robust rising, non-rotating stem system prevents destructive torsion, providing extremely long service life from the advanced bellows design.

Three Body Styles

Conval bellows seal valves are available in Y-pattern, Angle-pattern, and T-pattern body styles.

Low Operating Torque

The manual bellows seal valve is provided with a rugged bearing system and grease fitting to minimize operating torque over the life of the valve.

Double Back-up Seating

In the full open position, Conval bellows seal valves are equipped with a superior backseat, isolating a secondary stem seal from the process fluid. The graphitic stem seal is precisely loaded by Conval&#;s balanced axial gland and Integral Gland Wrench (IGW), providing superb sealing to back up the bellows.

Extended Seat Life

Positive shut-off is achieved over a very long operational life due to the solid cobalt-chrome seats and discs, even in high cycle and high fluid velocity services. A cobalt-free option is available for nuclear and chemical applications.

Flexibility of Design

Conval offers a double height bellows which provides the highest bellows valve flow capacity (Cv) available per pipe size. Test ports (with lantern gland) may also be specified.

Axially-loaded Packing System

The Axial design ensures tight concentricity, which eliminates side loading of the packing and minimizes wear forces on the trim components. This feature is critical for superior valve performance.

Pressure Seal Bonnet

The simple and effective pressure seal bonnet provides ready access for servicing with no welds to cut or seal rings or gaskets to replace. The body-to-bonnet joint integrity is maintained through countless thermal cycles.

Single-piece Gland

In extreme environments, the simpler the design and the fewer the parts, the better. The durable single-piece stainless steel gland contributes to the longevity of the valve.

Pressure-Actuated Backseat

The Clampseal® pressure-actuated backseat provides maximum valve integrity by ensuring a positive internal stop for the valve stem and disc assembly. The pressure actuated backseat also extends packing life by securely isolating the packing from the pressure when the valve is fully open.

Rapid In-Line Renewability

The CLAMPSEAL® Valve is much easier to renew than anything else on the market. The CLAMPSEAL® Valve line provides a modular solution to rising maintenance expenses. Low acquisition cost is not as important as low cost over the serviceable life of a valve. Maintaining a Conval valve is far easier and much less costly than replacing a competitor&#;s valve.

How Do Bellows Seal Valves Work?

These valves feature an accordion like bellows&#;i.e., the bellows cartridge component, welded to the valve stem and bonnet. During the valve stroke the bellows compress or expand along with the sliding stem&#;s linear motion with little to no friction.

Types of Bellows

  • Formed bellows: Conval&#;s standard design, formed bellows begin as flat sheet (thin wall foil) rolled into a tube and fusion-welded longitudinally forming a single layer.  Thin metal layers are combined to form multi-ply bellows.  Mechanical or hydrostatic force forms the bellows with wide-spaced rounded folds. Conval has supplied bellows with as many as 6 plies for higher pressure applications.
  • Welded bellows: Welded bellows are manufactured by welding washer-like plates of thin metal at both their inner and outer circumferences.

Types of Bellows Seal Valves

Gate valves, globe valves and ball valves may all be supplied with Bellows should the application require.

Contact us to discuss your requirements of Bellow Sealed Valve. Our experienced sales team can help you identify the options that best suit your needs.

Additional resources:
Valve Selection Understanding

Applications of Bellows Seal Valves

These critical components are an essential part of safe fluid system operation in a broad range of industries, including the following:

  • Aerospace
  • Biotechnology
  • Chemical processing
  • Fossil power
  • Nuclear power
  • Petroleum
  • Pharmaceutical
  • Semiconductor manufacturing
  • Vacuum and ultra-high vacuum

FAQs

Below we provide answers to some of the most frequently asked questions (FAQs) regarding bellows seal valves.

What are some advantages of using bellows seal valves?

The primary function of bellows seal valves is preventing potentially harmful or toxic fugitive emissions which can negatively affect unprotected humans and the surrounding environment. In addition to reducing the risk to employees or the environment, these valves decrease the amount of material lost during operations, which translates to lower overall material costs and greater throughput.

How do I choose a bellows seal valve?

When selecting a bellows seal valve for a system, there are several factors to keep in mind. Some of the key design considerations are:

  • The valve material chosen should be compatible with the operating conditions of the system, including the fluid media, temperature, and pressure. Common materials employed include stainless steel and nickel-based super alloys.
  • Pressure rating. The valve should be rated to handle the range of pressures and temperatures expected from the fluid system. Typical ratings range from ASME 150 to class.
  • Design Qualifications. Ensure the bellows is qualified to industry standards such as EPRI, MSS, API, or ISO.
  • The size of the valve should suit the design of the system. Conval bellows seal valves are available in sizes ranging from ¼ inch through 4 inch NPS.

How to prevent bellows seal valves from failing

Bellows seal valves are built for reliable operation. While rare, failures do occur. Generally, the root cause of the failure stems, not from the quality of the valve or bellows, but from improper selection, installation, or operation. Some guidelines for avoiding valve failure include:

  • Monitor for excessive back pressure or high inlet pressure variations
  • Select properly sized valves and bellows
  • Operate within the design pressure, temperature and stem stroke ranges.
  • Prevention of cavitation, flashing and other unusual damaging flow conditions.

Contact the Valve Experts at Conval, Inc. Today

For all your bellows seal valve needs, turn to the valve experts at Conval, Inc. Since our founding in , we have developed a reputation as a premier manufacturer of high-pressure/temperature, forged steel valves suitable for use in the most demanding severe service applications. Our commitment to quality translates to our products&#; superior durability and performance at the lowest life-cycle cost in the industry.

For additional information about our valve offerings or assistance specifying one (or hopefully many) for your application, contact us today.

Bellows Seal Valves: A Primer - Blog

When it&#;s critically important to keep a gas or liquid inside a system, consider a bellows seal valve. Bellows seal valves incorporate a cylindrical metal tube that expands and contracts like an accordion to create a hermetically sealed closure in a valve stem. The bellows get compressed when the valve is in the open position and expands when the valve is closed. Because the bellows expand and contract as the valve is operated, and because it is welded to the stem and bonnet, there is no leak path for the gas or liquid to escape.

When transferring hazardous materials, bellows seal valves outperform standard or packed valves, which leave a space between the stem and the rest of the valve in order to allow the valve to open and close. That space leaves a chance for fugitive emissions (more on that later!) to leak.

Another reason to use a valve with a bellows seal rather than a standard packed valve is when transferring liquids or gas subject to changes in temperature. As Dan Fisher, a business development manager with Dixon explains, &#;If you have a piping system that runs hot and cold, traditional packed valves tend to loosen up with the temperature changes,&#; he says. &#;A bellows seal valve does not because it&#;s hermetically sealed. That&#;s why bellows seal valves are the valve of choice in heating and steam services applications.&#;

Dixon Eagle® bellows seal valves are the industry standard in steam, oil, gas, and chemical plants or wherever keeping a hazardous gas or liquid contained is required.

Hydraulically Formed vs. Welded Bellows

Hydraulically Formed vs Welded Bellows

Traditionally, there are two primary ways to manufacture a bellows seal valve. One method involves welding a series of thin washer-like plates at both their inner and outer circumference to form the accordion bellows shape. A hydraulically formed bellows, on the other hand, is manufactured by pressurizing a single metal tube into wide-spaced metal folds to form the proper shape.

Hydraulically Formed Bellows

Formed bellows are more economical but require more vertical space

 

Welded BellowsWelded piles 'nest' together to create a shorter height; convenient for small spaces


There are advantages and disadvantages to both. Welded bellows generally take up less space than hydraulically formed bellows. A welded bellows has more folds per unit length as compared to formed bellows. Thus, for the same stroke length, formed bellows are two to three times longer than their welded counterparts.

Hydraulically formed bellows are typically larger, but they incorporate fewer welds, so there is a perception that they are stronger and will last longer. Fisher says that&#;s not necessarily the case. &#;If an edge-welded bellows is designed and welded correctly, they can have just as long a life cycle as a hydro-formed valve,&#; he says. &#;Form factor is really the major reason to choose one over the other.&#;

Gate or Globe?

Like standard valves, bellows seal valves employ a gate or globe to form a seal over an opening. A globe valve gets its name from its shape &#; a cone-shaped plug moves in and out of the flow of fluid or gas. A gate valve operates just like a gate, sliding in between the seats of the valve at a right angle to fluid flow. Why would you choose one over the other?

As a general rule of thumb, bellows valves with a globe closure have a lower flow coefficient than a gate valve&#;it puts more restrictions on the line, so your liquid or gas will flow at a slower rate for a given pressure. But a globe valve offers a tighter seal than a gate valve. Deciding which type to use depends upon your application.

Safety and Cost Considerations

The primary reason to use a valve with a bellows seal is to contain fugitive emissions &#; accidental leaks of gas or vapors that escape the system. Fugitive emissions can pose a danger to workers in the area and the greater environment. Since the passage of the U.S. Clean Air Act of , the federal government has issued testing requirements for measuring fugitive emissions on valves. These standards have been updated and strengthened over the years, and if end users do not comply with EPA guidance, they can face both monetary and safety repercussions.

Fugitive emissions also affect revenue as it pertains to product loss. In a large plant, continuously leaking valves can cost millions of dollars. &#;With a standard packed refinery valve, you can lose on order of $250,000 in product loss per ton of fugitive emissions,&#; says Fisher. &#;If you&#;ve got a 300-million-barrel-per-day refinery, on average, these are going to lose maybe 12 to 15 tons a year. If you do the math, that&#;s $3 million to $3.75 million that goes into the air in a year. So, a leak-free valve can save that product and put it into your bottom line.&#;

When it comes to a typical steam plant, valve stem seal leaks are common in steam lines because thermal cycling tends to loosen the valve packing. This can also lead to hazardous conditions for workers as well as lost revenue.

For example, consider a typical natural gas-fired boiler supplied with 230°F (110°C) feedwater, producing 450 PSIG saturated steam and a natural gas cost of $1.54/MMBtu. Using the estimated cost of steam, the cost of leakage of a valve in a 115 PSI line that is throwing a plume of steam 3 feet at 90°F ambient temperature would yield a cost of $792.78 per year. (If you&#;d like to do the math, that&#;s (50 lb./hr.) x ($1.81/1,000 lb.) x (8,760hrs./year)

A valve in a 115 PSI line that has a packing leak approximated by a 1/16-inch hole would yield a cost of $237.83 per year. (15 lb./hr.) x ($1.81/1,000 lb.) x (8,760hrs./year)

Considering all the valves in a typical plant, the total savings would be significant. Based on eliminating the cost of steam leakage as estimated, a Dixon Eagle bellows seal valve can pay for itself in a period of one to two years.

These bellows seal valves can also save money in other ways as well. Many refiners operate under consent decrees with the EPA, guaranteeing they will not put a certain amount of emissions into the air. Incorporating Dixon Eagle bellows valves will help prevent &#;chronic leakers,&#; reducing potential fines and the cost of repairs to the line.

Why Else Should You Choose Dixon Eagle Brand Bellows Valves?

Dixon Eagle is one of the oldest bellows seal brands in the United States, and many seals have been in the field for more than 20 years. All Dixon Eagle valves are manufactured in the U.S., under ISO : Certification. Valves used for chlorine transport by rail cars also meet the standards established by the Association of American Railroads.

Dixon offers dozens of different bellows seal options off the shelf. If your application requires a custom design, we can help with that, too. &#;Engineering for special high-hazard or critical applications that aren&#;t necessarily run-of-the-mill, those are the types of projects we specialize in,&#; says Fisher. &#;We want to be more of a partner with our customers, making sure that the product is tailored to their applications.&#;

Plus, with Dixon&#;s extensive distribution network and fast lead times, you can get your product quickly and save money on shipping.

So, if you&#;re looking for the best products for your hazardous or toxic materials application, Dixon would love to help. Contact one of our specialists at 713.678. or visit dixonvalve.com.

Want more information on Forged Steel Bellow Seal Gate Valve? Feel free to contact us.

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