What is Rutile Titanium Dioxide Sulfate?

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Rutile Titanium Dioxide is a special use chemical and a mineral oxide that is composed primarily of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2). It is mostly found in its natural form of Titanium Dioxide. It is odorless and white which is where the name Rutile is obtained from. It is an insoluble chemical.

Rutile Titanium Dioxide Sulfate.

 

What is Rutile Titanium Dioxide Sulfate used for?

Rutile Titanium Dioxide is an extremely useful chemical and it is used for a variety of purposes. The compound can serve the following functions:

• It is used in the manufacture of some optical elements, especially polarization optics, for longer visibility and infrared wavelengths up to about 4.5 micrometers.
• It forms an important constituent of heavy minerals and ore deposits.
• It is used in the manufacture of refractory ceramic as a pigment.
• It is used for the production of Titanium metal.
• It is used in the production of plastics.
• It is used in paints, paper, and other applications that require a bright white color.
• It is also widely used as a welding electrode

 

What is the Chemical Formula of Rutile Titanium Dioxide Sulfate?

Rutile Titanium Dioxide Sulfate is a chemical compound. The chemical formula is represented as TiO2.

 

Is Rutile Titanium Dioxide Sulfate harmful to life?

Rutile Titanium Dioxide Sulfate is a non-toxic chemical substance. The World Health Organisation's International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has recommended that titanium dioxide is a possible carcinogen for humans. It has, however, not been confirmed to be a deadly substance.

 

Where is Rutile Titanium Dioxide Sulfate found and what does it look like?

Rutile Titanium Dioxide Sulfate is a common accessory mineral in high-temperature and high-pressure metamorphic rocks and in igneous rocks. It is also found occasionally in extrusive igneous rocks. It is a powdered white substance, odorless and insoluble in water.

 

What are the Hazardous effects of Rutile Titanium Dioxide Sulfate?

Rutile Titanium Dioxide Sulfate is a non-toxic substance but on exposure to the eyes, it causes mild irritation. It also causes mild skin irritation and may be harmful if it is absorbed through the skin. If it is ingested, it will irritate the digestive tract. Also ingestion of large amounts can cause pain, constipation, and diarrhea. Inhalation may lead to blood changes and cause irritation of the upper respiratory tract and the bronchi.

 

What are precautionary measures necessary to be taken to handle Rutile Titanium Dioxide Sulfate?

To avoid irritation of the eyes and skin, the following measures may be taken while handling Rutile Titanium Dioxide Sulfate:

• Wear chemical splash goggles to avoid contact with the eyes.
• Wear appropriate protective covering to avoid contact with skin.
• Wear protective gloves to protect the hands while handling the chemical.
• Maintain adequate ventilation to ensure low airborne concentrations.

 

What will happen if Rutile Titanium Dioxide Sulfate is heated?

It is a very stable compound and is heated to over K before melting occurs, this is as a result of the strong bond between titanium and oxygen.

 

Is Rutile Titanium Dioxide Sulfate soluble?

 

Rutile Titanium Dioxide Sulfate is insoluble in water. It is also insoluble in dilute acids and dilute alkalis.

 

Where can I buy Rutile Titanium Dioxide Sulfate?

Rutile Titanium Dioxide Sulfate (95%) is available for sale at Camachem. It is available in three packages which are 25kg bag, 500kg bag, and kg bag. Camachem ships different chemicals from China to clients all over the world.

Rutile Titanium Dioxide Sulfate.

 

How much does Rutile Titanium Dioxide Sulfate cost?

The price of Rutile Titanium Dioxide Sulfate is estimated to be $ per ton. Meanwhile, the price varies depending on the cost of production. You can make use of the free quotation option to get a quotation for the quantity you desire.

Rutile Titanium Dioxide Sulfate.

 

What is the pH of Rutile Titanium Dioxide Sulfate?

The pH of Rutile Titanium Dioxide Sulfate is approximately 7. This makes it a relatively neutral chemical.

 

Is Rutile Titanium Dioxide Sulfate an Electrolyte compound?

Rutile Titanium Dioxide is not an electrolyte compound due to its low electrical conductivity.

 

Can Rutile Titanium Dioxide Sulfate go down the drain?

Rutile Titanium Dioxide Sulfate is non-toxic but should be disposed of in accordance with state, federal, and local regulations.

 

Is Rutile Titanium Dioxide Sulfate Acidic or Basic?

Rutile Titanium Dioxide Sulfate is neutral. It has a pH of approximately 7.

 

What is the difference between Rutile Titanium Dioxide Sulfate and Anatase Titanium Dioxide?

Rutile Titanium Dioxide Sulfate is optically positive while Anatase Titanium dioxide is optically negative and colorless while Rutile Titanium Dioxide Sulfate is whitish. Rutile Titanium Dioxide Sulfate is used for producing hard materials while Anatase Titanium Dioxide cannot be used to produce materials such as paper and plastic.

Titanium Dioxide Polymorphs: Rutile vs. Anatase

Introduction

Titanium dioxide (TiO&#;) is a widely utilized compound in various industries, appreciated for its unique optical, physical, and chemical properties. It naturally occurs in three polymorphic forms: anatase, rutile, and brookite. Among these, anatase and rutile are the most significant for industrial applications, while brookite is rarely used due to its instability. This article will discuss the key differences between anatase and rutile, highlighting their structures, properties, and applications.

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Crystal Structure and Stability

Both anatase and rutile belong to the tetragonal crystal system but differ in their lattice structures and stability.

• Anatase: This polymorph has a more open crystal structure, with a unit cell containing four TiO&#; molecules. Its crystal lattice is less compact, resulting in lower density. Anatase is stable at room temperature but transforms into a more stable phase at elevated temperatures, typically around 730°C. This transformation is irreversible and exothermic, highlighting the higher thermodynamic stability of the final phase.
• Rutile: Characterized by a denser and more compact crystal structure, each unit cell contains two TiO&#; molecules. This close-packed arrangement results in a higher density and greater stability. It is the most thermodynamically stable form of TiO&#;, and both anatase and brookite convert into this stable phase upon heating.

Physical Properties

--Density and Hardness

The relative density of anatase ranges from 3.8 to 3.9 g/cm³, and its Mohs hardness is between 5.5 and 6.0. The lower density and hardness make anatase less durable than rutile.

With a relative density of 4.2 to 4.3 g/cm³, rutile is denser and more compact. Its Mohs hardness ranges from 6.0 to 7.0, making it more suitable for applications requiring higher durability and wear resistance.

--Dielectric Constant

The dielectric constant of anatase is around 48, which is significantly lower than that of rutile. This lower dielectric constant limits its use in applications that require high dielectric properties.

Rutile has a much higher dielectric constant, averaging around 114. This high dielectric constant, coupled with its stability, makes it ideal for electronic applications.

Optical Properties

--Refractive Index

The refractive index of a material determines its ability to bend light, and TiO&#; is known for having a very high refractive index, which is beneficial for optical applications. The refractive index of anatase is approximately 2.55. While high, it is still lower than that of rutile.

Rutile boasts an even higher refractive index, around 2.71, making it exceptionally effective in applications requiring maximum light scattering and opacity.

--Scattering Power

The light scattering ability of TiO&#; is crucial for its use as a pigment in paints, coatings, and other materials. Despite having good light scattering properties, anatase's lower refractive index means it is less effective than rutile.

With its higher refractive index, rutile provides superior light scattering, enhancing opacity and brightness in applications like paints and coatings. This makes it the preferred choice for white pigments.

Electrical Properties

--Conductivity

Titanium dioxide acts as a semiconductor, with its electrical conductivity influenced by temperature and oxygen vacancies. Generally, anatase exhibits lower electrical conductivity. It is less sensitive to temperature changes compared to rutile.

Rutile&#;s electrical conductivity increases significantly with temperature. At around 420°C, its conductivity can increase by several orders of magnitude, making it valuable in electronic components such as ceramic capacitors. This sensitivity to temperature and oxygen content makes it useful in sensing applications.

 

 

Applications

Both anatase and rutile have distinct applications based on their respective properties.

1. Anatase

• Photocatalysis: Anatase is widely used in photocatalytic applications due to its higher reactivity under UV light. It is effective in degrading organic pollutants, making it useful for air and water purification systems, self-cleaning surfaces, and antimicrobial coatings.
• Solar Cells: Due to its photoactive properties, anatase is employed in dye-sensitized solar cells to enhance efficiency.

2. Rutile

• Pigments: Its high refractive index and superior light scattering make it ideal for use as a white pigment in paints, plastics, and papers. It provides excellent opacity and brightness.
• Optical Components: It is used in the production of optical components, such as lenses and coatings, due to its high refractive index.
• Electronics: Its high dielectric constant and electrical conductivity under high temperatures make rutile suitable for electronic devices, including capacitors and varistors.
• High-Temperature Applications: Its stability at high temperatures makes it suitable for ceramic glazes, refractory materials, and other high-temperature applications.

Quick Facts about Rutile and Anatase

Property

Anatase

Rutile

Density (g/cm3)

3.8 - 3.9

4.2 - 4.3

Mohs Hardness

5.5 - 6.0

6.0 - 7.0

Dielectric Constant

48

114

Refractive Index

2.55

2.71

Scattering Power

Good

Superior

Electrical Conductivity

Lower, less sensitive

to temperature changes

Higher,

increases with temperature

Common Applications

Photocatalysts,

solar cells,

paper, inks,

textiles, rubber,

ceramics, cosmetics

Coatings,

air purification,

military applications,

cosmetics, paints,

and plastic items

Stanford Advanced Materials (SAM) offers premium Titanium products at competitive prices. We supply both Anatase and Rutile forms of Titanium Dioxide, with customization options available to meet your specific needs. Contact us for more information or to place an inquiry.

Conclusion

Understanding the differences between anatase and rutile is essential for optimizing their use in various industrial applications. Anatase, with its higher photocatalytic activity, is suitable for environmental and self-cleaning technologies. Rutile, on the other hand, offers superior stability, density, and optical properties, making it ideal for pigments, coatings, and electronic components.

The choice between them depends on the specific requirements of the application. By leveraging the unique properties of these TiO&#; polymorphs, industries can enhance the performance and efficiency of their products.

 

 

Reference:

[1] Stawarz, Sylwester & Witek, Natalia & Kucharczyk, Wojciech & Bakar, Med & Stawarz, Magdalena. (). Thermo-protective properties of polymer composites with nano-titanium dioxide. International Journal of Mechanics and Materials in Design. 15. 10./s-018--7.

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